European Theater of Operations (ETO)

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Gibbons, John Segment 1
[Annotators Note: The interview begins with John Gibbons and the interviewer discussing what got the interviewer...
Hannan, Philip M. Segment 1
Hannan gives some background about his life in prewar Italy. He explains the attitude of the German youth and of an...
Kuroki, Ben Segment 1
Ben Kuroki grew up with Caucasian friends. There were only a few Japanese American families around at the time. The...
Stegmeier, James L. Segment 1
Stegmeier was born in Columbus, Ohio in 1922. At the time of the interview he is 85 years old. He attended Grandview...
Rackley, Clifford Segment 1
Clifford Rackley was born near Tifton, Georgia. He was young during the depression and saw the problems the big farmers...
Gross, Clayton Segment 1
Clayton Kelly Gross was born in Walla Walla, Washington, a town so pretty they named it twice. Gross remarks it is...
Ettlinger, Harry Segment 1
Ettlinger was born in Karlsruhe in the Southwest corner of Germany in 1926. He was born into an affluent family who had...
Billow, Harold Segment 1
Billow was born in Millersburg, Pennsylvania. Growing up during the depression was rough, they did not have much. His...
Rackley, Clifford Segment 10
Rackley did not have much of a relationship with his commanding officer [Annotator's Note: Rackley is referring to his...
Ettlinger, Harry Segment 10
Ettlinger asked Jacque, a Frenchman, to help him go to Baden Baden to find his grandfather's collection and the man...
Bouck, Lyle Segment 10
Lyle Bouck did not like the taste of the food. The men were marched to a town east of Losheim and put in the basement...
Anderson, Clarence "Bud" Segment 10
Clarence Anderson had to fly differently than usual because of the amount of fuel he had aboard. All of the fighters...
Finkbeiner, Theodore Segment 10
The river crossing [Annotators Note: the 20 September 1944 crossing of the Waal River in Holland during Operation...
Luckadoo, John Segment 10
John Luckadoo had no regrets about returning to the United States after completing his 25 combat missions. The brass...
Zawada, Robert Segment 10
They crossed the river at Burgson to continue moving towards the camp [Annotator's Note: during the Hammelburg raid as...
Kalil, Louis Segment 10
Kalil does not know what happened to the P-47 pilot. The airmen were taken to a different camp from the infantry. He...
Brissie, Lou Segment 10
Mr. Mack [Annotator's Note: Cornelius McGillicuddy, Sr., or Connie Mack, manager of the Philadelphia Athletics for its...
Ford, Richard Segment 10
Richard Ford notes that they really got nailed at the Elbe River. They moved up to an area one afternoon and the next...
Murphy, Robert Segment 10
For Robert Murphy, returning to Sainte Mere Eglise and making the annual jumps was for his comrades. The guys he served...
Ohr, Freddie Segment 10
Freddie Ohr was sitting around in a tent for two and a half days. Sandborne informed him that there would not be a test...
Pisanos, Steve Segment 10
The thing Steve Pisanos thinks about the most from the war was when he crash landed in France. When he arrived at the...
Spivey, Leonard Segment 10
Leonard Spivey noted that there was a lot of commotion when they were burrowing through the tunnel. Some of the guys in...
Noack, John Segment 10
John Noack went on to fly on 1 December to fly his 13th mission. It also happened to be Noack’s 24th birthday. He came...
Crain, Joe Segment 10
Alex Vraciu knew that the next time they saw air action it would be part of a landing somewhere. When his group was...
Hawk, John Segment 10
Hawk feels that it important that there are museums like The National World War II Museum, so that people remember what...
Compton, Lynn "Buck" Segment 10
Lynn Compton had his orders changed so he could play baseball in Paris. He would look around for facilities for the...
Crain, Joe Segment 10
Crain believes that it is important to have museums such as The World War II Museum [Annotator's Note: The National...
Baum, Abraham "Abe" Segment 10
Baum was sickened by the sight and the situation. He had to regroup his men and come up with a plan to get back to the...
Scheffel, Charles Segment 10
They were attempting to cross a river in order to capture an airfield that was suspected of housing German transport...
Mann, Karl Segment 10
Mann went to the enclosure where the camp prisoners were located. The prisoners were rejoicing about their liberation....
Galloway, Thomas Segment 10
Out of all the men Galloway knew and the men around him, no one was killed on the first day of the Bulge. Galloway met...
Candelaria, Richard Segment 10
Richard Candelaria thinks it is a shame that the American public did not get to see their 8th Air Force. They were able...
Keema, John Segment 10
When John Keema came home, he was by himself. When he left England it was the last time he saw of any of his fellow...
Armanini, Joseph Segment 10
Joseph Armanini discusses having bicycle races in the officer's club at Thorpe Abbotts [Annotator’s Note: the 100th...
Crump, Ralph Segment 10
Crump got to Panteloria and was alongside the dock. All of the German prisoners of war did the work. They were younger...

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