European Theater of Operations (ETO)

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Alexander, Vernon Nazi Youth in Austria
Vernon Alexander was a history major in college. He ran into a situation about 30 miles outside of Innsbruck, Austria...
Bertz, Richard Nearly Killed Returning Home
Richard O. "Otto" Bertz was in Czechoslovakia when the war ended. That was not bad duty. They were stuck in a woodland...
Courtney, Melbourne Nearly Missed, then Wounded
Outside of Granville, [Annotator's Note: Granville, France], Melbourne Sanford Courtney and his unit [Annotator's Note...
Witmeyer, John "J.J." Nebelwerfers and 88s
While in combat in the Normandy's hedgerow country, an entire patrol from John Witmeyer's unit was killed by a German...
Singlaub, John Negative Comments and Retiring from the Army
John Singlaub was called to Washington to meet with President Jimmy Carter. He was not sure if he was being disciplined...
Grass, Philip Negros
Philip Grass remembers the fighting was fierce on Negros [Annotator’s Note: Negros, Philippines]. The Japanese tried to...
Shames, Edward New Duty Assignments
Now that Edward Shames was an officer as well, he could tell Lieutenant Nye [Annotator's Note: US Army First Lieutenant...
Grass, Philip New Guinea
Philip Grass sailed on a new vessel called the Sea Snipe. The ship was made in Seattle [Annotator’s Note: Seattle,...
Weinthal, Siegfried New Life in America
Siegfried Weinthal was born in February 1929 in Esens, Germany, a small town in Northern Germany. His childhood did not...
Gross, Ernest New Life in America
When the war was over, all that remained of Ernest Gross' family were three brothers and a sister. He arrived in New...
Willett, Richard New Orleans and Le Havre
When Richard Willett was at Camp Shelby [Annotator's Note: Camp Shelby, near Hattiesburg, Mississippi], he would go to...
Goebel, Robert Nicknames and Red Cross Girls
Robert J. "Bob" Goebel's plane's [Annotator's Note: in the 308th Fighter Squadron, 31st Fighter Group, 12th Air Force]...
Sapp, Walter Night Attacks
Walter Sapp was assigned to Company C, 310th Infantry Regiment, 78th Infantry Division as a rifleman. He took over the...
Hackler, Maurice "Hack" Night Moves
When Maurice Hackler got to England, he stayed at Bovington for about a week, and experienced air raid warnings for the...
Roed, Harold Night Out in New York City
After returning home, Harold Roed [Annotator's Note: assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division] went out in New York City...
Albertson, Arthur Night Patrols
Arthur Albertson was in France for quite a while. His company [Annotator's Note: 30th Reconnaissance Troop, 30th...
Witmeyer, John "J.J." Night Patrols
One night, the battalion command sent John Witmeyer on a patrol behind German lines. Witmeyer took six other men out on...
Franzky, Gerhard Nijmegen
The attack on the barn took place between Arras and Amiens. When Gerhard Franzky was caught the second time he was sent...
Harold, Paul Nijmegen and the Bulge
Harold Paul [Annotator's Note: a paratrooper in Company A, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division]...
Creekmore, Thomas Nineteenth Mission
Thomas Creekmore [Annotator's Note: a radio operator in the 365th Bombardment Squadron, 305th Bombardment Group, 8th...
Klenoski, Richard Ninth Mission Crash
[Annotator's Note: Richard Klenoski joined his bomber crew in Casper, Wyoming in late 1944.] He was married on New Year...
Romano, Joseph Nissei, Blacks, Whites, and Germans
Joseph Romano went to Germany after Italy. He was on guard duty there. He went to Le Havre, France from there. [...
Bell, Elmo No Audio
[Annotator's Note: due to a technical problem, audio for this segment was lost].
Lochra, Albert Non-combat Flights
Albert Pultz Lochra, Jr. had several good, non-combat-related flights [Annotator's Note: with the 351st Bombardment...
Bass, Leon Non-violence
Leon Bass's mother always told him he did not need to use violence to solve a problem. His friends were tough guys....
Medway, Irwin Nordhausen Concentration Camp
[Annotator's Note: Throughout this clip Irwin Medway looks at photographs, mostly off-camera, and reads from articles...
Zingheim, John Nordhausen Concentration Camp
Dr. John Julien Zingheim does not remember going to Cologne [Annotator's Note: Cologne or Köln, Germany], but thinks he...
Beal, Harold Normady Beach Landing
Harold Beal remembers there was a lot of noise. He did not go a minute without hearing some sort of blast. [Annotator's...
Baughman, Paul Normandy
Paul Baughman jumped into Normandy [Annotator's Note: D-Day; the Allied invasion of Normandy, France on 6 June 1944]...
Geraci, Dominic Normandy
Dominic Geraci knew there would be an invasion, but did not know when or where. His was in a replacement unit that...
Aleksandrowicz, Frank Normandy
Frank Aleksandrowicz remembers that Normandy [Annotator's Note: Normandy, France] was a great place. Americans were...
Griffenhagen, George Normandy
[Annotator's Note: This clip begins with George Griffenhagen and the interviewer returning from a break and talking...
Scheerer, Richard Normandy
Richard Scheerer does not recall hearing any news about D-Day prior to crossing the Channel. The first night he sat...
Franzky, Gerhard Normandy
After leaving Leipzig, Gerhard Franzky was caught at the border crossing at Premysl and sent to Berlin. In Berlin he...
Livaudais, James Normandy
James Livaudais entered the service in March 1942. His division was to be the Sergeant York Division. The decision...

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